Countries with a 4 Day Work Week

4 Day Work Week in Australia

In August 2022, Australia initiated a significant shift in work culture by starting a pilot program for the four day work week. This trial, involving 20 companies, marked a pivotal change from the traditional five-day work schedule that most Australian employees were accustomed to.

This six-month trial saw employees working 80% of their typical hours while maintaining full pay, a revolutionary approach in Australia's work culture. A wide range of companies were included in the pilot, all the way from “finance to fashion.”

Orchestrated by 4 Day Week Global, a non-profit organization, this program is part of a broader initiative that also includes similar pilots in the UK and New Zealand, positioning Australia at the forefront of this global work revolution.

The outcomes of the Australasian 4 day work week pilot are compelling, demonstrating the potential impact of this initiative on the Australian workforce:

1. Trial Participants

• 26 companies participated in the trial, primarily located in Australasia, with participation from Europe and North America as well.
• Majority of the companies had 11-25 employees, with representation from various industries like Professional Services, Marketing/Advertising, and Manufacturing.

2. Business Outcomes

• Companies rated the overall impact of the 4-day week trial as 8.2/10.
• Attraction of new employees rated at 8.3/10 with the 4-day workweek.
• Productivity was rated at 7/10 and performance at 6.8/10.
• There was a 44.3% decrease in the number of sick and personal days taken per employee per month and an 8.6% decrease in average resignation rates.
• 95% of the companies wished to continue with the 4-day week model.

3. Employee Outcomes

• Employees rated the 4-day workweek trial as 9/10 with 96% wanting to continue.
• Over half (54%) reported an increase in their productivity compared to their lifetime best.
• Almost all participants (96%) reduced their worktime, with 88% getting one full additional day off per week.

4. Health and Well-being Outcomes

• 64% of employees experienced reductions in burnout and 38% felt less stressed with the 4-day workweek.
• Almost half of the workers reported a decline in negative emotions and an increase in positive emotions was reported by 62% of employees.

5. Work-life Balance Outcomes

• 65% of the employees were more satisfied with their time during the 4-day workweek.
• Conflict between work and family declined for 49% and 48% of employees respectively.
• Exercise frequency and duration rose for a significant proportion of the sample, and a significant number of men in heterosexual relationships increased their share of housework and childcare.

6. Environmental Outcomes

• Time spent commuting fell by 36 minutes per person per week during the trial.
• 42% of employees took up more environmentally friendly activities during the trial.

7. Future Prospects

• The trial results suggest a clear preference for the 4-day workweek model both from businesses and employees, showing promise for wider adoption in the future.

4 Day Work Week in Austria

Although Austria hasn’t instituted a 4 day work week, many Austrian workers are interested in the idea. When surveyed, 1 out of every 2 Austrians said they would welcome a 4 day work week. Although there is no official pilot in place, some companies in Austria are starting to offer 4 day work weeks as an option to stay competitive.

Although most workers in Austria don’t have a 4 day work week, they still enjoy shorter working hours than workers in most countries. Austria ranks as the country with the 6th shortest work week in the world.

Working Hours in Austria

The average work week in Austria is 35.5 hours. According to the Austrian Working Hours Act, the work week cannot exceed 60 hours per week or 12 hours per day. On a 17 week basis, the work week cannot exceed an average of 48 hours. However, there are some exceptions to this, depending on factors such as the worker’s job or industry.

In Austria, typical office hours are from 9 AM to 5 PM. However, many workers start as early as 8 AM.

4 Day Work Week in Belgium

Although workers in Belgium have traditionally worked a 5 day work week, in early 2022, the Belgian government introduced a new labor market reform that allows workers to choose to work a 4 day work week.

Workers are still expected to maintain the same amount of hours, but now have the option to work 4 ten hour days. Workers are allowed to ask their employers for a six month trial period of the 4 day work week, after which they can choose to go back to the traditional 5 day work week if they prefer.

4 Day Work Week in Brazil

In September 2023, Brazil embarked on a 9-month trial of the 4-day workweek as a part of a collaborative effort with 4 Day Week Brazil, 4 Day Week Global, and Reconnect Happiness at Work.

The experiment included an initial three-month phase dedicated to masterclasses, planning, and laying the foundational groundwork for the initiative. This preparatory period lasted until December 2023, setting the stage for the subsequent implementation of the 4-day workweek for the following six months.

Pilot Companies

22 companies and around 280 employees began the pilot program. However, one company withdrew after one month, leaving 21 companies participating in the pilot.

70% of these firms chose to implement a 4-day workweek across their entire workforce, while the remaining 30% conducted the trial within specific departments only.

Some of the companies that participated in the pilot program are mentioned below, while others chose not to authorize the disclosure of their involvement:

1. Ab Aeterno
2. Brasil dos Parafusos
3. Clara Associados
4. Clementino & Teixeira Advocacia
5. GR Assessoria Contábil
6. Greco Design
7. Haze Shift
8. Hospital Indianópolis
9. Innuvem
10. Inspira
11. Maker Brands
12. Mol Impacto
13. Noono
14. Oxygen Hub
15. PiU Comunica
16. Plongê
17. Rede Alimentare
18. Smart Duo
19. Soma CSC (Grupo Dreamers)

Pilot Format

As per the pilot program guidelines, the Brazilian government instructed participating companies to adopt the 100:80:100 approach. Under this model, employees receive their full pay while working 20% fewer hours. However, they are expected to maintain full productivity to ensure the success of the trial run.

To implement this, a significant number of companies adopted a unified day-off schedule, with the majority opting for Fridays off. However, some companies divided these days between Monday and Friday among their workforce, while a minority allowed workers to select their weekly day off themselves.

4-Day Week Brazil Pilot Mid-Trial Results

The Brazil 4-day workweek mid-trial results demonstrate positive effects on employee work and well-being. Baseline data was gathered in December 2023, with interim data collected in early April 2024, marking the program's halfway point.

Impact at Work

• Project execution has seen a 61.5% boost.
• Meeting deadlines has improved by 44.4%.
• Creativity and innovation have increased by 58.5%.
• Client acquisition has experienced a 33.3% rise.

Impact on Well-Being

• 82.4% more energy for task completion
• 62.7% reduction in work-related stress
• 64.9% higher end-of-day fatigue
• 67.0% reduction in anxiety

Impact on Health

• 64.5% reduction in frequent work-related exhaustion
• 46.3% exercised more than 3x/week
• 27.1% increase in those who sleep more than 8 hr/night
• 50.0% reduction in insomnia

Impact on Relations

• 78.1% increase in energy for family and friends
• 57.9% consider better balance between personal and professional life
• 85.4% increased collaboration with colleagues
• 44.0% improvement in the relationship with leadership

4-Day Work Week Companies in Brazil

Even before Brazil's widespread 4-day workweek experiment, many organizations had already adapted to this condensed schedule.

Let’s have a brief look at them:

1. Zee.Dog

Zee.Dog, a Brazilian pet products company, is recognized as the pioneer in Brazil for following a 4-day workweek. Established in 2011, it has become a leader in innovative pet accessories, setting trends not only in product design but also in workplace culture.

The company’s efforts to implement a 4-day workweek model were led by its co-founder and creative director, Thadeu Diz, inspired by a global trend sparked by Andrew Barnes. This transition was made after the COVID-19 pandemic when a remote work arrangement was first adopted.

However, in February 2021, Zee.Dog adopted the 4-day workweek model, allowing employees to take every other Wednesday off, adapting to the new normal of work while maintaining productivity.

The following results were noted after Zee.Dog’s implementation of a 4-day workweek:

• Workforce Contentment: It was significantly elevated with employees enjoying the unique benefit of mid-week breaks every other week. This innovative approach to work-life balance has resulted in increased job enthusiasm and overall happiness within the staff.
• Maintained Operational Output: The shift did not come at the cost of work quality or output. Instead, it encouraged employees to prioritize tasks more effectively, maintaining productivity levels.
• Talent Dynamics: Zee.Dog's adoption of the 4-day workweek positioned the company as a leader in workplace innovation, making it highly attractive to many job seekers. This approach has improved the firm's ability to attract top talent who are passionate about work-life balance.

2. Winnin

Winnin, a Rio de Janeiro-based martech startup, specializes in tracking online video consumption data. Under the leadership of CEO and co-founder Gian Martinez, the company has embraced a 4-day workweek model.

Initiated in 2021 as a social experiment, it underwent extensive preparation, including reducing unnecessary meetings and establishing clear KPIs to measure success.

After a one-month trial demonstrated the initiative's efficacy, Winnin made the decision to implement the 4-day work week permanently.

The below outcomes were obtained following Winnin's adaptation of a compressed workweek model:

• Increase in Mental and Physical Health Attention: The initiative resulted in a 41.9% increase in employees' focus on their mental and physical health. This significant uplift gave them more time to engage in activities that contribute to their well-being, fostering workplace productivity.
• Increased Sense of Purpose and Belonging: Employees experienced an increased sense of purpose, belonging, and pride in the company. This shift is indicative of a more engaged and motivated workforce.
• Enhanced Work-Life Balance: The implementation of the 4-day work week led to a notable improvement in work-life balance among workers. It proved useful in maintaining a healthy relationship between professional obligations and personal life, reducing stress and burnout rates.

3. Signifyd

Founded in 2011, Signifyd is a fraud protection company specializing in securing eCommerce transactions through machine learning and big data analysis.

The implementation of the 4-day workweek at the firm was initiated as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic to support employee well-being and productivity.

This shift was implemented permanently from 1st March 2022 and aimed to maintain operational efficiency while granting employees an additional day for personal time.

Signifyd observed the following changes in its workforce as a result of a 4-day workweek schedule:

• Employee Satisfaction: Significantly improved, with workers experiencing a more substantial work-life balance. The additional day off allowed staff more time for personal activities, hobbies, and family, contributing to overall happiness and job satisfaction.
• Productivity: The company observed that productivity levels either remained consistent or increased despite the reduced working hours. This demonstrates that employees were more focused and efficient during their condensed work schedules.
• Recruitment and Retention: Signifyd's adoption of a four-day workweek made it a more attractive employer in the competitive tech industry. It experienced a noticeable improvement in attracting top talent and retaining existing employees who valued the company’s commitment to work-life balance

Canada's Move Towards the 4-Day Work Week

Canada's exploration of the 4-day work week began in early 2022 with a pilot program led by 4 Day Week Global. By October, a second wave of companies joined, aiming to maintain full productivity with reduced hours.

This initiative aims to prove that a 20% reduction in work hours, without pay cut, can still sustain 100% productivity.

4 Day Work Week in Denmark

Although most of Denmark hasn’t officially adopted a 4 day work week, it has the second shortest average work week in the world. According to an OECD report, the average work week in Denmark is only 33 hours long. This allows full-time workers in Denmark to spend about 66% of their day on rest and leisure.

In 2019, Denmark’s Odsherred Municipality introduced a 35 hour, 4 day work week. Employees are expected to work longer hours Monday through Thursday and be willing to be contacted outside of work in order to have Fridays off.

In1930s Denmark, companies began switching to a 5 day work week (previously 6 days). The standard working week is now 5 days per week, Monday to Friday.

Working Hours in Denmark

The average number of hours worked in Denmark has been falling over the last 20 years. In 1970, the average employee worked 35.2 hours, whereas the number dropped to 33.72 hours in 2021 (4% less). On average men work 33.1 hours per week and women work 29.5 hours.

The maximum weekly working hours by law is 48 hours on average, including overtime.

In Denmark, average hours worked per week varies by industry. Employees in the private sector work two hours longer on average than employees in the public sector.

4 Day Work Week in France

In 2024, France's first national 4 day work week pilot launched, in partnership with Emlyon Business School (applications close July 31, 2024). This initiative, backed by 4 Day Week Global, aims to enhance work-life balance by allowing 50 companies to adopt a 32-hour week with no cut in pay.

Working Hours in France

France has a legally mandated 35-hour work week which was established over 22 years ago in 2000.

The standard working hours in France are typically between 8 AM to 4 PM or 9 AM to 5 PM. These hours include a 1-hour unpaid lunch break. Weekly, employees work a total of 35 paid hours, which is structured at 7 hours a day for five days a week. Any longer than this is considered overtime.

A major positive is that French law is very strict when it comes to limiting working hours. The maximum working hours for an employee is capped at 10 hours a day and 44 hours a week. These hours include any overtime worked. The average employees’ hours rarely exceed 44 per week.

Germany's 4-Day Workweek Pilot

Germany has successfully completed its first-ever 4-day workweek pilot, a groundbreaking collaboration between 4 Day Week Global, Intraprenör, and the University of Münster. The pilot aimed to assess the impact of a reduced workweek on productivity, employee well-being, and work-life balance across a diverse range of industries.

Starting in September 2023, 41 organizations fully implemented the 4-day workweek model, while some exited the trial due to economic or operational challenges.

The trial spanned 6 months, and the final results have revealed significant outcomes.

Key Highlights of the Trial Results

The Germany 4-day workweek pilot revealed transformative impacts across both organizational and employee domains.

Below are the major outcomes:

Organizational Findings

• Small business engagement: 54% of participating organizations were small businesses with 10–49 employees, showcasing high interest among smaller enterprises.
• Diverse representation: The trial included organizations from 13 different industries, ensuring comprehensive insights across sectors.
• Wide inclusion: 60% of organizations applied the 4-day workweek to 90–100% of their workforce, demonstrating its scalability.
• Work hour reduction: 34% of organizations successfully reduced weekly work hours by 20%, offering employees an extra day off without compressed schedules.
• Widespread continuation: A majority of participating organizations (75%) plan to continue the 4-day workweek beyond the trial, reflecting its effectiveness and positive reception.
• Productivity and performance: Financial outcomes remained stable with no significant changes in revenue or profit, while efficiency improved through 52% of meetings being shortened, 65% reduction in distractions, and 63% optimization of workflows.

Employees Findings

• Stress reduction: Stress levels decreased by 89 minutes per week.
• Physical activity: Participants took 1,848 additional steps and engaged in 24.45 more minutes of physical activity weekly.
• Sleep improvement: Weekly sleep duration increased by 38 minutes compared to the control group.
• Employee satisfaction: 83% of participants supported continuing the 4DW, with over 90% reporting a positive impact on their well-being.
• Productivity gains: Self-reported productivity scores improved significantly (7.69 vs. 6.83 in the control group).
• Time allocation: Employees spent more time with family, friends, hobbies, and self-care.
• Work-life balance: Most participants reported a notable improvement in their work-life balance.

4 Day Work Week in Iceland

Iceland is one of the countries most in support of the 4 day work week. Between 2015 and 2019, Iceland led one of the largest 4 day work week pilots. The trial involved about 2,500 participants with no reduction in pay.

The trial was considered a huge success and has resulted in a huge shift in Iceland’s standard working hours, with 90% of the population currently enjoying reduced hours or other work modifications.

4 Day Work Week in Ireland

Although Ireland hasn’t officially adopted a 4 day work week, many companies in the country participated in a 6 month, 4 day work week pilot program between June and December of 2022. The pilot was sponsored by 4 Day Week Global, a group campaigning to bring the 4 day work week to countries across the world.

17 Irish companies participated in the trial program, which was monitored by researchers from Boston University and University College Dublin. The goal of the program was to determine whether the 4 day work week can increase employee wellness and productivity while reducing carbon emissions.

Here are the results from the pilot:

Business Performance and Productivity

• The trial companies saw an ~8% increase in revenue.
• Compared to the same timeframe last year, revenue increased by 37.55%.
• There was a positive trend in the hiring rate, and a slight reduction in absenteeism and resignations.

Balance Between Work and Personal Life

• Employees could dedicate more time to personal interests and voluntary activities.
• There was a drop in the need for additional time for most tasks and activities.
• Extra free time was primarily distributed amongst recreational activities, domestic duties/care work, and self-care.

Physical and Mental Health

• A decline in stress levels and burnout was reported by employees after the trial.
• Improvement in physical and mental health was self-reported.
• An increase in physical exercise and a decrease in fatigue were noted.

Environmental Impact and Commuting

• There was a drop in the percentage of employees commuting via car from 56.5% before the trial to 52.5% afterwards.
• The weekly commute duration saw a reduction of nearly an hour.
• Small but significant increases were observed in home recycling activities, choosing to walk or cycle instead of driving, and buying environmentally-friendly products.

Value of Current Job

• At the conclusion of the trial, 70% of respondents claimed they would need a salary increment of 10-50% to switch back to a five-day work routine.
• 13% mentioned they would need a salary increment of more than 50%.
• Another 13% of respondents claimed they wouldn't revert to a five-day schedule irrespective of the pay rise.

Household Labor and Gender Equality

• The trial did not significantly impact the division of labor at home.
• A slight increase in men's contribution to childcare was observed.
• Further studies are needed to understand changes in societal norms over time.

Cost of Childcare

• The trial observed a decrease in expenses related to childcare.

4 Day Work Week in Japan

Japan does not officially have a 4 day work week, but a 2021 government report encouraged companies to consider offering a shorter workweek. This recommendation is part of a broader initiative to tackle labor shortages, declining birthrate and improve the well-being of workers.

Background

Historically, Japan has been known for its intense work culture, where long hours and the expectation to sacrifice for one's company are deeply embedded in society. This culture has also led to significant issues, such as "karoshi" — death from overwork. The country reports an average of 54 such fatalities a year, including heart attacks.

Another key factor driving Japan toward adopting a four-day workweek is its declining birth rate. Japan faces a shrinking working-age population, making it crucial to retain existing workers.

The birth rate has dropped to 1.26 births per woman in 2022, well below the replacement rate of 2.1 needed to sustain the population. As a result, the working-age population is projected to shrink by 40% by 2065, decreasing from 74 million to around 45 million.

In response, the Japanese government has been advocating for reforms to encourage a healthier approach to work.

The Government's Role

In 2021, Japan officially endorsed the idea of a four-day workweek as part of its economic policy to improve worker well-being. The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare introduced the "hatarakikata kaikaku" or “innovating how we work” campaign, which seeks to:

• Encourage small and medium-sized companies to reduce working hours.
• Limit overtime.
• Offer flexible working arrangements.
• Guarantee paid annual leave.

Additionally, the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare has started offering free consulting, grants, and a growing library of success stories to motivate businesses. Despite these efforts, only around 8% of companies have adopted a three-day-off policy per week.

Companies Leading the Way

Some major companies have already started experimenting with the four-day workweek, although adoption remains limited:

1. Fast Retailing Co.: Recently introduced a four-day workweek for some employees.
2. Panasonic: Despite offering the 4-day workweek option to 63,000 employees, only a small fraction (150 employees) have opted in.
3. Spelldata: A small Tokyo-based technology company offering a flexible schedule.
4. Shionogi & Co.: A pharmaceutical company implementing flexible work options.
5. Ricoh Co. and Hitachi: Electronics companies that have introduced a four-day workweek.
6. SMBC Nikko Securities Inc.: A brokerage firm allowing four-day workweeks since 2020.
7. Mizuho Financial Group: Offers a three-day schedule option for its employees.

Challenges to Adoption

Despite the potential benefits, there are several obstacles to the widespread implementation of a four-day workweek in Japan:

• Cultural barriers: Many workers fear that a shorter week may be seen as a lack of commitment to their company or result in lower pay.
• Workload concerns: Some employees worry that they will be expected to do the same amount of work in fewer days, leading to increased pressure.
• Corporate mindset: Japan’s work culture has long prioritized long hours as a measure of dedication, making it difficult to shift to a new mindset.

For Japan to fully embrace the four-day workweek, a major cultural shift is necessary. The COVID-19 pandemic has already opened doors to flexible work arrangements.

However, deeply rooted traditions such as service overtime (unpaid work) and the pressure to conform to corporate norms remain significant hurdles.

4 Day Work Week in the Netherlands

Although the Netherlands doesn't officially work a 4 day week, it's the a norm for many people, especially working moms.

According to government statistics, 86% of employed moms worked less than 35 hours per week. 12% of working fathers also worked low hours compared to other countries.

Working Hours in the Netherlands

At only 29 hours long, the Netherlands has one of the shortest average work weeks in the world. This is partly due to legislation offering workers the right to choose part time hours.

Standard working hours in the Netherlands are from 9 AM to 5 or 6 PM, Monday through Friday. By law, employers cannot require employees to work more than 12 hours on a given day, with a 60 hour weekly maximum. Employees in the Netherlands cannot be required to work on Sundays.

Over the course of four weeks, an employee’s average weekly hours should be lower than 55, unless a mutual agreement between the employee and employer is reached to work more. However, the hours cannot exceed 60.

The Netherlands does not have laws that regulate overtime pay, so the rate depends on the contact between an employee and employer. Employees are only paid for overtime work that has been requested by the employer.

4-Day Work Week in New Zealand

Like all the other countries, different organizations have made tangible efforts to introduce 4 day work week in New Zealand. Still, it is in its early stages, and trials are being conducted to analyze the impact of the reduced working hours on different aspects.

Following the successful trial run at New Zealand-based company Perpetual Guardian in 2018, 4 Day Week Global came into existence.

This New Zealand trial was run by a non-profit organization, 4 Day Week Global to assess employees productivity and business growth objectives while offering a 4-day work week.

New Zealand's four days work week trial results about employee well-being and business growth will overwhelm you:

Business Outcomes

• On a scale of 1-10, the trial was rated 8.2 by all the stakeholders, highlighting its success.
• The companies met 100% of their business targets while undergoing the four-day week experiment.
• The set revenue goals were met within time.
• There were no additional costs in terms of higher pay or other benefits given to employees.

Employees Productivity

• The employees worked 20% less than their traditional five-day week but achieved better results through a four-day working week.
• The extra time received as a result of the shorter working week was available as the leisure time that could be spent by the workers as needed.
• 38% of the employees felt less stressed
• The burnout stat decreased by 2/3rd during the term of the four-day week trial.
• People exercised more and slept more in addition to having a better sense of time.
• The workers could spend more time on passion projects.
• The overall work-life conflict was reduced significantly.
• Organizations witnessed a 44% decline in absenteeism, while resignations dropped by 9% in the four-day week trial.

Employees' Take on 4-Day Work Week

After this trial, most of the employees loved the concept of a four-day workweek.

• 1 in 10 employees said that they wouldn't want to go back to the traditional five-day week, irrespective of the amount of money offered.
• 1 in 3 employees demanded 26 - 50% more money to join the workspace with a 5-day week routine once shifted to a four-day working week business.

Gender Equality & Environmental Impact

With a four-day workweek, men found themselves spending more time at home, lending a hand to their families and contributing to a more balanced division of responsibilities. This positive shift contributed to an overall sense of gender equality.

This change enabled male employees to participate in family life and allowed them to step up in caregiving roles, giving their partners a chance to enjoy some well-deserved freedom.

Also, favorable environmental outcomes were noted, indicating a decrease of 36 minutes in weekly commuting time per person.

So, overall, the trial showed that a four-day workweek could boost productivity, improve employee morale and well-being, and reduce stress and burnout.

However, for a clearer picture of its impact on employee success, more trials and experiments are needed to gather solid evidence.

Unilever New Zealand Trial

Another study was conducted by Unilever New Zealand. The aim of this experiment was to analyze the impact of a four-day workweek on employee performance, productivity, and business revenue targets.

This initial New Zealand trial was an 18-month pilot project in which 80 employees participated. Within this experiment, the workers had the right to keep 100% of the salaries while working for only 80% of the time. However, the business targets were to be fully achieved.

• The results of this trial were a success. Here are a few findings:
• The employees felt more engaged to work during their four-day work weeks.
• The vast majority of staff felt engaged, and absenteeism dropped by 34%.
• The stress level decreased by 33% after an extra day off.
• The stats indicated that the work-life conflict fell by 67%.
• The individual well-being of the employees improved by 33%.
• Employees showed more strength at work. It was up by 15%.
• Even the stakeholders admitted that the business goals were fully met.

All of these stats show that the four-day workweek could bring more benefits for the employees and the organizations.

4 Day Work Week in Norway

Although Norway hasn’t officially adopted the 4 day work week, at 34 hours, Norway’s work week is shorter than many other countries.

To date, Norway hasn’t taken part in any official 4 day work week pilots; however there are several companies across the country that have chosen to adopt the 4 day work week on their own.

Working Hours in Norway

Standard working hours in Norway are usually between 8 or9 AM to 4 or 5 PM, including a lunch break, which is not paid. Workers must have at least 11 hours off between shifts. Any time worked beyond 9 hours in one day, or 40 hours a week, is considered overtime and must be compensated.

Although some countries offer the option for workers to opt out of the maximum working hours rule, Norway does not. Norway’s overtime regulations are strict, and employees must work less than 200 hours per year. By law, overtime work must be compensated by at least 140% of the employee’s normal rate.

According to the law, the maximum working hours per day is 9 hours, and the maximum working hours per week is 40 hours. Overtime is defined as any work that exceeds these limits.

Additionally, workers in Norway are not permitted to work nights (anytime after 9 PM and before 6 AM) or on Sundays unless it’s a necessity in their line of work.

4 Day Work Week in Portugal

Portugal has recently initiated a government-backed four-day workweek trial. This 6-month pilot program, which began in June 2023, involved 41 private-sector organizations and more than 1000 employees.

The trial aimed to assess the impact of reduced working hours on various aspects, including employees mental health, work-life balance, economic performance, and social and environmental effects.

The trial was coordinated by 4 Day Week Global in collaboration with researchers from Birkbeck, the University of London, and Henley Business School.

Participants in the program were committed to maintaining full pay for their employees while reducing their weekly working hours.

Portugal 4-Day Workweek Trial Results

The Portugal trial has yielded significant positive results. Workers have reported improvements in work-life balance, reduced stress, and lower levels of burnout. Moreover, companies have seen an increase in creativity and overall performance.

Employers Outcomes

• Positive company evaluations: 95% of companies participating in the trial have evaluated it positively so far.
• Stable or increased revenue: Companies reported that revenue increased or stayed the same.
• Enhanced recruitment: Companies have found it easier to attract new talent.
• Increased workplace happiness: The degree of apparent happiness in the workplace has increased, with employees enjoying a better
  work-life balance.
• Improved work quality: The capacity and quality of work have increased with the greater number of days off.
• Managing workloads: To handle greater workloads, employees have increased their productivity during the shorter workweek.
• Productivity and turnover: Productivity and turnover are at least the same or higher, demonstrating the effectiveness of the reduced workweek model​

Employees Outcomes

• Reduction in weekly hours: On average, the four-day week involved a reduction in weekly hours by 13.7%.
• Company evaluations: 95% of companies participating in the trial have evaluated it positively so far.
• Actual hours worked: Workers reported a reduction in the number of hours per week actually worked by 11.3%, dropping from 41.1 to 36.5 hours.
• Mental health improvements: The frequency of negative mental health symptoms decreased significantly:
  • Anxiety levels fell by 21%
  • Fatigue decreased by 23%
  • Insomnia or sleep problems reduced by 19%
  • Depressive states dropped by 21%
  • Tension lowered by 21%
  • Loneliness declined by 14%
• Work exhaustion: Levels of work exhaustion were reduced by 19%.
• Work-life balance: The percentage of workers who found it difficult or very difficult to reconcile work and family responsibilities fell from 46% to 8%.
• Family time: 65% of workers spent more time with their families after the reduction in working hours.
• Job satisfaction: 85% of workers stated they would only agree to move to another company with a five-day work week if they received a pay rise of at least 20%​

4 Day Work Week in Scotland

In September 2023, the Scottish Government announced plans to test a four-day workweek for specific public sector employees.

This initiative will test a shorter working week at 100% salary and will pilot the scheme for a year. After the 12 months, results of the experiment will be analysed before any potential broader implementation.

Advisers hope that if the public sector's four-day workweek proves successful, it might encourage the private sector to adopt it for enhanced productivity and better work-life balance.

Earlier in 2021, the Scottish government revealed plans to donate 10 million pounds towards helping companies take part in a 4 day work week pilot program.

4 Day Work Week in South Africa

Although South Africa does not officially work a 4-day work week, it recently marked a significant milestone in the ongoing global conversation about work-life balance with its pioneering 4-Day Work Week trial.

This initiative, which ran from March to August 2023, was the first of its kind on the African continent. The trial was coordinated by 4 Day Week Global in partnership with 4 Day Week South Africa NPC, and involved collaboration with researchers from Boston College and Stellenbosch Business School.

The South African pilot included 28 companies (27 in South Africa and one in Botswana). Some of the companies that agreed to be named publicly include:

South Africa

1. Licia Dewing
2. The OMG
3. 2Stories
4. APSO
5. 3Verse
6. Social Happiness
7. EntruTech
8. jt&a
9. Elnatan IT Solutions
10. Dream Team Catalyst
11. KLA
12. Semco Style Institute South Africa
13. Marais Software Solutions
14. Big Beard Web Solutions
15. Valuesmart Business Solutions
16. Social Impact Insights
17. Intigrate Business Solutions
18. Tax Maverick and The Tax Ladies
19. Communicare
20. Maties Gymnasium
21. Nkwali Compliance Consultants
22. IQbusiness

South Africa 4-Day Workweek Trial Results

Despite initial skepticism, the results were overwhelmingly positive, surpassing the expectations of both employers and employees.

Key results from the pilot program include:

• Increased mental health: 35% increase in employee mental well-being, highlighting the significant impact of a reduced work week on psychological health.
• Enhanced work ability: 49% of participants reported an increase in their work ability, demonstrating that a shorter work week can enhance productivity.
• Revenue growth: A 10.5% average increase in revenue was observed by many companies, suggesting that a more focused and rested workforce can drive better business outcomes.
• Reduced burnout: 57% decrease in employee burnout, addressing a critical issue many industries face and promoting healthier work environments.
• Lower absenteeism: 9% decrease in absenteeism, indicating higher engagement and presence of employees in their roles.
• High adoption rate: 92% of participating companies have decided to continue with the 4 Day Work Week post-trial, showcasing this approach's long-term viability and success.

The South African trial also demonstrated that a 4 Day Work Week could be implemented without compromising the quality of service provided to customers.

Companies like Elnatan IT Solutions and IQbusiness reported maintaining or even improving their service levels during the trial, showcasing that operational efficiency can be enhanced through better time management and work-practice reorganization.

4-Day Week Sector Trial in South African Higher Education

South African higher education is making history with the world’s first sector-specific 4-day week trial. This groundbreaking initiative targets university centres for student development and counselling, addressing the pressing need for better staff wellbeing and flexibility in the face of high burnout rates among psychosocial practitioners.

Following the success of Stellenbosch University’s 2024 pilot, which demonstrated how a reduced workweek can reduce burnout and enhance wellbeing, this trial aims to replicate those benefits across other institutions. Expert guidance from 4 Day Week SA will help universities create environments that balance both staff wellness and student support.

As the first longitudinal study of its kind within a single sector, the trial will provide essential data on the impact of a 4-day week, guiding University Student Affairs and Counselling Centres toward a more sustainable, flourishing future. In partnership with SAACDHE, SHAPE Global Ltd, and other industry leaders, this initiative is setting the stage for a new era in South African higher education.

4 Day Work Week in Spain

Workers in Spain typically work a 5 day work week. In 2021, however, the Spanish government agreed to invest 50 million euros (the equivalent of $60 million) into a three-year, 4 day work week trial program.

Approximately 200 companies and 3,000-6,000 employees are expected to participate. Employees will work 32 hours a week without pay reduction. The country’s government will cover 100% of the companies’ costs the first year, 50% the second year, and 33% during the final year of the trial.

4-Day Workweek in Sweden

A number of companies in Sweden are set to a pilot of the four-day workweek, starting June 2024. This initiative is part of a larger European movement, led by 4 Day Week Global.

This experiment will run for 6 months and aims to explore the benefits and practicalities of a shortened workweek, aligning with simultaneous trials across several European nations.

Sweden made headlines in 2015 when it implemented a four-day workweek in Gothenburg. Instead of adhering to the traditional model of four eight-hour workdays, the working hours were reduced to six hours per day, totalling 30 hours per week.

The trial adopted an innovative 100:80:100 approach, which allowed employees to receive their full salaries for working 80% of the time while still achieving 100% productivity.

The public institutions that took part in this experiment were granted financial support by the local government so there were no deductions in the salaries of employees. This experiment went on for almost 2 years, making it the first-ever example of a long-term trial run held for a 4–day workweek.

Pilot Results

As an example, the effects of this initiative were studied in Gothenburg’s hospital orthopedics unit and two local nursing homes. In the hospital’s orthopedics unit, 80 nurses and doctors participated in a 24-month trial where traditional working hours were modified.

Simultaneously, a controlled study compared productivity between two nursing homes operating under different working hours.

1. Hospital Orthopedics Unit:

• Health Outcomes: Remarkably, none of the participants in the orthopedics unit reported sick during the entire 24-month period.

2. Nursing Homes Study:

• Productivity Increase: The nursing home that reduced working hours to 6 hours a day saw staff complete over 80% more patient activities than the staff working traditional 8-hour shifts.
• Financial Challenges: Despite the productivity gains, the initiative faced financial hurdles, incurring an additional cost of $120,000 per month. This led to the premature ending of the trial following a change in government, as the new authorities struggled to justify the ongoing expenses.

These outcomes highlight the potential benefits and challenges of reducing working hours in healthcare settings, demonstrating significant improvements in employee health and productivity, albeit with considerable financial implications.

Companies Implementing the 4-Day Work

Although the 2-year long trial was successful in Sweden, there are a few companies that recently implemented a 4-day workweek.

Let’s dig deeper into more details about them:

1. Seably

Founded by The Swedish Shipowners' Association in September 2020, Seably offers a unique marketplace for maritime training, emphasizing high-quality courses and promoting a vibrant online community.

From September to November 2022, the company embarked on a 4-day workweek trial as part of its commitment to innovation in its organizational culture. It followed the 100:80:100 principle, where most employees enjoyed Fridays off.

However, an exception was made for customer support teams who adapted their schedules to ensure 24/7 support.

The obtained results were positive, which forced the company to continue with the implementation of a 4-day workweek. These include:

• Increased Employee Satisfaction: This initiative led to heightened employee satisfaction, with staff reporting a significant reduction in burnout.
• Higher Productivity per Hour: Despite working fewer hours, workers were more focused and efficient towards their jobs, contributing to higher productivity levels overall.
• Enhanced Work-Life Balance: Employees enjoyed an improved balance between their professional and personal lives, leading to better well-being and mental health.

All these successful results are also attributed to the internal workshops conducted by Seably across various business units with an effort for this innovative approach to work.

2. Sandqvist Bags

Sandqvist Bags is a renowned Swedish company known for manufacturing high-quality bags, backpacks, and accessories. The brand introduced a four-day workweek on 27 February 2023 to build a healthy work-life balance among its workers.

This bold step aimed to uphold the company's productivity and service standards while granting employees more leisure time. Notably, this transition was made with the assurance that salaries would remain unchanged despite the reduced working hours.

The adoption of a 4-day workweek by Sandqvist Bags is projected to bring about a series of transformative benefits for both the company and its employees. These include:

• Enhanced Employee Well-Being: By offering employees more free time for personal development, family, and leisure activities, Sandqvist noticed an improvement in overall employee satisfaction and well-being.
• Sustainable Performance: Aligning with the CEO's vision, the initiative tends to lead to better performance as employees feel more rested, valued, and engaged.
• Attractiveness as an Employer: The move to a 4-day workweek has made the company more attractive to current and potential employees, enhancing the company's ability to recruit and retain top talent.

3. Toyota

Toyota, a renowned global automotive manufacturer originally from Japan, has been at the forefront of innovative business practices for decades.

The company’s Swedish operations introduced the four-day workweek as a voluntary option for employees, allowing them to work longer hours across four days instead of the traditional five.

This policy was aimed at boosting employee satisfaction and retention by offering more flexibility and a better balance between work and personal life.

• Higher Productivity: The mechanics on a 30-hour-per-week schedule demonstrated higher productivity levels compared to those working the traditional 40 hours. Thus, the total output from them exceeded that of their counterparts on a standard workweek.
• Lower absenteeism: With more time to rest and manage personal affairs, employees took fewer sick days, improving overall attendance. Moreover, it also led to higher morale and job satisfaction among employees, which contributed to lower turnover rates.
• Happier Customers: Customer satisfaction increased, likely due to the more efficient service and possibly the positive attitudes of the more satisfied workforce.

4 Day Work Week in Switzerland

To date, Switzerland has not officially adopted the 4 day work week but in 2024 many Swiss companies are set to pilot a reduced working week model. The study, a partnership between 4 Day Week Global, a consultancy based in Zurich, and Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), focuses on examining the viability and benefits of this work model. Several local companies have demonstrated interest in participating in this groundbreaking research.

Earlier in 2022, various Swiss unions campaigned for a 4 day work week at 100% salary.

Working Hours in Switzerland

According to an OECD survey, workers in Switzerland enjoy the 4th shortest work week in the world, coming in at 34.6 hours. However, the average hours worked in Switzerland vary based on industry and employer. Working time should not exceed 45 hours per week, according to Swiss law.

Employees who work in the medical or hospitality fields generally work longer hours than workers with jobs in other industries.

Under Swiss law, employees can’t work more than 170 hours of overtime per year. Overtime work is compensated at either 125% of the employee’s normal rate or with paid leave.

4 Day Work Week in the UK

Historically, the UK has had a traditional, 5 day work week. However, in 2022, the UK began a large 4 day work week pilot program. The program includes 70 UK businesses, over 3,300 employees, and covers over 30 fields of work.

The trial ran from June 2022 until December of 2022 and is the largest 4 day work week pilot program to date. Similar pilots are taking place in Ireland, the United States, Israel, and several other countries over the same period.

The trial is being conducted by the 4 Day Week Global organization, in conjunction with several other companies and researchers from Oxford, Cambridge, and Boston University.

Here are the results from this pilot study:

Business Outcomes

• 92% of companies continued with the 4-day week post-trial.
• Average revenue increased by 1.4% across participant companies.
• The trial was rated 8.3/10 by companies.
• Business performance and productivity both scored an average of 7.5/10.
• Staff attrition decreased by 57% over the trial period.

Employee Outcomes

• 90% of employees expressed a definite desire to continue with the 4-day week.
• 55% of employees reported an improvement in their work abilities.
• 15% stated they wouldn't accept a five-day schedule in their next role, regardless of the salary.

Health and Well-being

• 71% of employees experienced a reduction in burnout.
• Stress levels fell for 39% of participants.
• 43% of employees noted an improvement in mental health.
• 54% reported a decrease in negative emotions.
• Physical health improved for 37% of employees.
• 46% experienced reduced fatigue.
• Sleep problems decreased for 40% of participants.

Family and Household Life

• 73% of employees reported higher satisfaction with their time.
• 60% found it easier to balance paid work with caregiving responsibilities.
• Work-life balance improved, with 62% finding it easier to combine work with social life.
• Men's involvement in childcare increased by more than double that of women (27% vs. 13%).

Global Outlook

• The overall experience of the trials was rated an 8.5 out of 10.
• Business productivity and performance each scored a 7.5 out of 10.

Life and Job Satisfaction

• Both men and women showed improved outcomes on a 4-day week, with women’s improvements generally being greater.

Climate and Lifestyle

• Commuting time fell by 30 minutes per week across the sample.
• The extra day off was primarily used for hobbies, leisure, housework, caregiving, and personal upkeep, not for additional paid work.

UK’s Four-Day Week Pilot Under the Labour Government

Under the Labour government, the UK has launched its first official four-day week pilot, providing 1,000 workers with extra time off without a loss of pay. Led by the 4 Day Week Campaign, the trial includes 17 businesses, such as the British Society for Immunology and Crate Brewery in Hackney, with four more set to join.

The campaign aims to present its findings to the Labour government in the summer to support the adoption of shorter working weeks.

While some Labour leaders, including Deputy Prime Minister Angela Rayner, advocate for the four-day model, the party has not fully endorsed it yet. Businesses participating in the trial hope that the new work pattern will improve recruitment and employee well-being, showcasing the growing feasibility and benefits of a four-day workweek in the UK.

4 Day Work Week in the U.S.

Traditionally, the U.S. has had a 5 day work week. While the 4 day work week has not been adopted in the U.S. to date, the country is taking steps to determine if it’s a feasible option.

The organization 4 Day Week Global undertook a 4 day work week pilot program across the U.S. and Canada. The pilot involved nearly 2,000 employees and 35 companies across North America.

Here are the results of the pilot:

Productivity and Revenue

• An 8% rise in revenue was observed during the trial.
• Revenue was up 37.55% compared to the same period in the previous year.
• The rate of hiring increased while absenteeism and resignations slightly declined.

Work-Life Balance

• Employees were able to spend more time on hobbies and volunteering.
• There was a decrease in the desire for more time spent on most activities.
• The extra time off was primarily allocated to leisure, housework/care work, and personal maintenance

Well-being

• Employees reported decreased stress and burnout post-trial.
• Self-rated physical and mental health improved after the trial.
• Employees spent more time exercising and reported less fatigue.

Commute and Environmental Impact

• A reduction in the percentage of employees commuting by car was seen, from 56.5% pre-trial to 52.5% post-trial.
• Time spent on commuting fell by nearly an hour a week.
• There was a slight increase in household recycling, walking and cycling, and purchasing of eco-friendly products.

Job Valuation

• 70% of employees reported that they would require a 10-50% pay rise to return to a five-day schedule.
• 13% said they would require more than a 50% pay rise.
• Another 13% stated that no amount of money could convince them to give up the four-day work week.

Gender Equality in Household Labor

• There was no significant change in the household division of labor.
• Men marginally increased their contribution to childcare.
• Future research is required to study changes in societal norms.

Childcare Costs

• A reduction in childcare costs was observed over the course of the trial.

4 Day Working Week in the United Arab Emirates

While the United Arab Emirates has not yet moved to a 4 day work week, the government announced at the end of 2021 that government agencies and schools will be moving to a 4.5 day work week.

With this shift, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has become the first country in the world to officially move to a work week that is less than the traditional 5 days. The province of Sharjah has gone one further, and has adopted 4 day week model.